Voice
Active & Passive Voice – सम्पूर्ण नोट्स
Rules • Structures • Examples • Exercise • MCQ
1. Voice क्या है?
Voice verb का वह form है जिससे यह पता चलता है कि sentence में Subject स्वयं action कर रहा है या Subject पर action किया जा रहा है।
Active Voice
Subject स्वयं कार्य करता है।
Ram writes a letter.
Passive Voice
Subject पर कार्य किया जाता है।
A letter is written by Ram.
↓
Passive: Object + Helping Verb + V3 + by + Subject
2. Active Voice क्या है?
जिस sentence में Subject action का doer होता है, उसे Active Voice कहते हैं।
Ram writes a letter.
Sita sings a song.
They play cricket.
The teacher teaches English.
3. Passive Voice क्या है?
जिस sentence में focus action को receive करने वाले Object पर होता है, उसे Passive Voice कहते हैं।
A letter is written by Ram.
A song is sung by Sita.
Cricket is played by them.
English is taught by the teacher.
4. Voice Change का Basic Rule
Step 1: Active Voice का Object पहचानें।
Step 2: Object को Passive का Subject बनाएँ।
Step 3: Tense के अनुसार सही Helping Verb लगाएँ।
Step 4: Main Verb को V3 में बदलें।
Step 5: जरूरत होने पर by लगाएँ।
Step 6: Active के Subject को Object form में बदलें।
↓
O + Helping Verb + V3 + by + S
5. Subject–Object Pronoun Change
He helps me.
I am helped by him.
6. Simple Present Tense
Passive: Object + is/am/are + V3 + by + Subject
Active: Ram writes a letter.
Passive: A letter is written by Ram.
Active: They play cricket.
Passive: Cricket is played by them.
Active: I help him.
Passive: He is helped by me.
7. Present Continuous Tense
Passive: O + is/am/are + being + V3 + by + S
Active: Ram is writing a letter.
Passive: A letter is being written by Ram.
Active: They are playing cricket.
Passive: Cricket is being played by them.
8. Present Perfect Tense
Passive: O + has/have + been + V3 + by + S
Active: She has written a letter.
Passive: A letter has been written by her.
Active: They have completed the work.
Passive: The work has been completed by them.
9. Simple Past Tense
Passive: O + was/were + V3 + by + S
Active: Ram wrote a letter.
Passive: A letter was written by Ram.
Active: The police caught the thief.
Passive: The thief was caught by the police.
10. Past Continuous Tense
Passive: O + was/were + being + V3 + by + S
Active: She was reading a book.
Passive: A book was being read by her.
Active: They were repairing the road.
Passive: The road was being repaired by them.
11. Past Perfect Tense
Passive: O + had + been + V3 + by + S
Active: He had completed the work.
Passive: The work had been completed by him.
12. Simple Future Tense
Passive: O + will + be + V3 + by + S
Active: She will write a letter.
Passive: A letter will be written by her.
Active: They will finish the work.
Passive: The work will be finished by them.
13. Future Perfect Tense
Passive: O + will have been + V3 + by + S
Active: He will have completed the work.
Passive: The work will have been completed by him.
14. Modal Verb वाले Sentences
Passive: O + Modal + be + V3 + by + S
Active: He can solve the problem.
Passive: The problem can be solved by him.
Active: You must obey the rules.
Passive: The rules must be obeyed by you.
Active: We should help the poor.
Passive: The poor should be helped by us.
15. Negative Sentences
Negative sentence में not helping verb के बाद आता है।
Active: Ram does not write a letter.
Passive: A letter is not written by Ram.
Active: She did not complete the work.
Passive: The work was not completed by her.
Active: He will not help me.
Passive: I will not be helped by him.
16. Interrogative Sentences
Active: Does Ram write a letter?
Passive: Is a letter written by Ram?
Active: Did she complete the work?
Passive: Was the work completed by her?
Active: Will he help you?
Passive: Will you be helped by him?
17. Wh-Question का Voice
Active: Why did he punish you?
Passive: Why were you punished by him?
Active: When will she finish the work?
Passive: When will the work be finished by her?
Active: Who wrote this letter?
Passive: By whom was this letter written?
18. Imperative Sentences
Order, request, advice आदि वाले sentences में सामान्य pattern:
Active: Open the door.
Passive: Let the door be opened.
Active: Close the window.
Passive: Let the window be closed.
Active: Do not waste time.
Passive: Let time not be wasted.
19. Request वाले Sentences
Active: Please help me.
Passive: You are requested to help me.
Active: Please keep silence.
Passive: You are requested to keep silence.
20. Two Objects वाले Sentences
कुछ verbs के साथ दो objects होते हैं। ऐसे sentences में कई बार दोनों में से किसी object को Passive का subject बनाया जा सकता है।
Active: He gave me a book.
Passive 1: I was given a book by him.
Passive 2: A book was given to me by him.
Active: She taught us English.
Passive 1: We were taught English by her.
Passive 2: English was taught to us by her.
21. कब “by + Subject” हटाया जाता है?
यदि action करने वाला व्यक्ति unknown, obvious या unimportant हो, तो Passive Voice में by + Subject को छोड़ा जा सकता है।
Active: Someone stole my bicycle.
Passive: My bicycle was stolen.
Active: People speak English all over the world.
Passive: English is spoken all over the world.
22. कौन-से Sentences Passive नहीं बनते?
सामान्यतः Passive Voice बनाने के लिए verb का Object लेना आवश्यक होता है। इसलिए pure Intransitive Verbs वाले sentences का सामान्य passive नहीं बनता।
He sleeps.
The baby cries.
The sun rises.
They laughed.
23. Tense-wise Voice Formula Chart
24. Important Rules to Remember
Rule 1: Active का Object → Passive का Subject बनता है।
Rule 2: Passive Voice में Main Verb हमेशा V3 में होती है।
Rule 3: Helping Verb tense के अनुसार बदलती है।
Rule 4: Active का Subject → Passive में Object form में जाता है।
Rule 5: Modal के बाद Passive में be + V3 आता है।
Rule 6: Continuous Passive में being + V3 आता है।
Rule 7: Perfect Passive में been + V3 आता है।
Rule 8: Tense सामान्यतः Voice change में नहीं बदलता।
25. Common Mistakes
❌ A letter is write by Ram.
✅ A letter is written by Ram.
❌ Cricket is play by them.
✅ Cricket is played by them.
❌ A book was wrote by him.
✅ A book was written by him.
❌ The work will completed by her.
✅ The work will be completed by her.
❌ A letter is being write by him.
✅ A letter is being written by him.
26. Practice – Change into Passive Voice
Q1. Ram writes a letter.
Answer: A letter is written by Ram.
Q2. She is singing a song.
Answer: A song is being sung by her.
Q3. They have completed the work.
Answer: The work has been completed by them.
Q4. The police caught the thief.
Answer: The thief was caught by the police.
Q5. He was reading a book.
Answer: A book was being read by him.
Q6. She will help me.
Answer: I will be helped by her.
Q7. You must obey the rules.
Answer: The rules must be obeyed by you.
Q8. Open the door.
Answer: Let the door be opened.
Q9. Did he write this letter?
Answer: Was this letter written by him?
Q10. Who wrote this poem?
Answer: By whom was this poem written?
27. Practice – Change into Active Voice
Q1. A letter was written by Sita.
Answer: Sita wrote a letter.
Q2. Cricket is played by them.
Answer: They play cricket.
Q3. The work has been completed by Ram.
Answer: Ram has completed the work.
Q4. The thief was caught by the police.
Answer: The police caught the thief.
Q5. The problem can be solved by him.
Answer: He can solve the problem.
28. Objective Questions
1. Passive Voice में Main Verb किस form में होती है?
A. V1
B. V2
C. V3
D. V4
2. “Ram writes a letter.” का Passive है —
A. A letter wrote Ram.
B. A letter is written by Ram.
C. A letter was written by Ram.
D. Ram is written a letter.
3. Simple Past का Passive structure है —
A. is/am/are + V3
B. was/were + V3
C. has/have + V3
D. will + V3
4. Present Continuous Passive में प्रयोग होता है —
A. been
B. being
C. be
D. had
5. Present Perfect Passive में प्रयोग होता है —
A. being
B. be
C. been
D. was
6. Modal का Passive structure है —
A. Modal + V3
B. Modal + be + V3
C. Modal + being + V3
D. Modal + been + V1
7. “She is writing a letter.” का Passive है —
A. A letter is written by her.
B. A letter is being written by her.
C. A letter was written by her.
D. A letter has written by her.
8. “He can solve the problem.” का Passive है —
A. The problem can solve by him.
B. The problem can be solved by him.
C. The problem is solved by him.
D. The problem was solved by him.
9. “Open the door.” का Passive है —
A. Door is open.
B. Let the door be opened.
C. Door was opened.
D. The door opens.
10. Active का Object Passive में क्या बनता है?
A. Verb
B. Adverb
C. Subject
D. Adjective
11. “They have finished the work.” का Passive है —
A. The work has been finished by them.
B. The work is finished by them.
C. The work had finished by them.
D. The work has being finished.
12. Intransitive Verb वाले sentence का सामान्य Passive —
A. हमेशा बनता है
B. सामान्यतः नहीं बनता
C. केवल Future में बनता है
D. केवल Past में बनता है
29. Quick Revision
Active
Subject does action
Passive
Subject receives action
Main Verb
Always V3
Continuous
being + V3
Perfect
been + V3
Modal
be + V3
Simple Present
is/am/are + V3
Simple Past
was/were + V3
Future
will be + V3
Imperative
Let + O + be + V3
Exam Tip
Voice के questions में सबसे पहले Subject, Verb और Object पहचानें। उसके बाद sentence का Tense पहचानकर सही helping verb लगाएँ और Main Verb को V3 में बदलें।
being = Continuous, been = Perfect और be = Modal/Future वाला shortcut जरूर याद रखें।