Verb
सम्पूर्ण नोट्स
Types • Forms • Rules • Examples • Practice
1. Verb क्या है?
Verb वह word है जो किसी व्यक्ति या वस्तु के action, state या condition को बताता है।
Ram plays cricket.
She writes a letter.
They are happy.
I have a book.
ऊपर दिए गए sentences में plays, writes, are और have verbs हैं।
2. Verb के मुख्य प्रकार
Main Verb
Sentence का मुख्य action या state बताता है।
Helping Verb
Main verb की सहायता करता है।
Transitive Verb
जिस verb को अपना meaning पूरा करने के लिए object चाहिए।
Intransitive Verb
जिस verb को object की आवश्यकता नहीं होती।
Linking Verb
Subject को उसकी quality या state से जोड़ता है।
Modal Verb
Ability, permission, possibility, duty आदि बताता है।
3. Main Verb
जो verb sentence में मुख्य action या state को व्यक्त करता है, उसे Main Verb कहते हैं।
Ravi plays football.
She sings a song.
I read English.
They work hard.
4. Helping Verb / Auxiliary Verb
जो verb Main Verb की सहायता करता है उसे Helping Verb या Auxiliary Verb कहते हैं।
She is reading.
I have finished my work.
They were playing.
He will come tomorrow.
Important Helping Verbs
is, am, are, was, were, be, been, being
has, have, had
do, does, did
can, could, may, might, will, would, shall, should, must
5. Verb की Five Forms – V1 to V5
go
went
gone
going
goes
V1 = go
V2 = went
V3 = gone
V4 = going
V5 = goes
6. Important Verb Forms
7. Regular and Irregular Verbs
Regular Verb
जिन verbs का V2 और V3 सामान्यतः -ed / -d लगाकर बनाया जाता है, उन्हें Regular Verbs कहते हैं।
play → played → played
work → worked → worked
help → helped → helped
love → loved → loved
Irregular Verb
जिन verbs के V2 और V3 किसी fixed -ed rule से नहीं बनते, उन्हें Irregular Verbs कहते हैं।
go → went → gone
write → wrote → written
eat → ate → eaten
see → saw → seen
8. Transitive Verb
जिस verb को अपना अर्थ पूरा करने के लिए Object की जरूरत होती है, उसे Transitive Verb कहते हैं।
Ram reads a book.
She bought a pen.
I love my country.
9. Intransitive Verb
जिस verb को अपना अर्थ पूरा करने के लिए object की आवश्यकता नहीं होती, उसे Intransitive Verb कहते हैं।
The baby cries.
The sun shines.
He slept.
The birds fly.
10. Transitive vs Intransitive
Transitive
Object आवश्यक होता है।
She opened the door.
He bought a car.
Intransitive
Object आवश्यक नहीं होता।
The child slept.
The birds flew.
11. Linking Verb
Linking Verb कोई direct action नहीं दिखाता बल्कि Subject को उसकी state या description से जोड़ता है।
She is happy.
He became a doctor.
The flower smells sweet.
The soup tastes good.
be, become, seem, appear, look, feel, smell, taste
12. Modal Verbs
Modal verbs ability, permission, possibility, advice, necessity और obligation जैसी meanings व्यक्त करते हैं।
I can swim.
May I come in?
You must obey the rules.
You should study hard.
I will help you.
Could you help me?
13. Finite Verb
जिस verb का form subject, person, number या tense के अनुसार बदल सकता है, उसे Finite Verb कहते हैं।
He plays cricket.
They play cricket.
He played cricket.
यहाँ verb subject और tense के अनुसार बदल रही है।
14. Non-Finite Verb
जिस verb form पर subject, person या number का सीधा प्रभाव नहीं पड़ता, उसे Non-Finite Verb कहते हैं।
मुख्य प्रकार
to + V1
I want to study.
V-ing as Noun
Swimming is good exercise.
Verb form used like adjective
A broken chair.
15. Subject–Verb Basic Rules
Rule 1: He/She/It + V1+s/es
He plays cricket.
Rule 2: I/We/You/They + V1
They play cricket.
Rule 3: Does + V1
Does he play?
Rule 4: Did + V1
Did she go?
Rule 5: Has/Have/Had + V3
She has written a letter.
Rule 6: is/am/are/was/were + V-ing
He is playing.
Rule 7: Modal + V1
He can speak English.
16. Common Verb Mistakes
❌ He go to school.
✅ He goes to school.
❌ Does she sings?
✅ Does she sing?
❌ Did he went there?
✅ Did he go there?
❌ She has wrote a letter.
✅ She has written a letter.
❌ He can goes there.
✅ He can go there.
❌ They is playing.
✅ They are playing.
17. Practice Questions
Q1. He _____ to school every day. (go)
Answer: He goes to school every day.
Q2. She has _____ a letter. (write)
Answer: She has written a letter.
Q3. Did Ram _____ there? (go)
Answer: Did Ram go there?
Q4. They are _____ football. (play)
Answer: They are playing football.
Q5. He can _____ English. (speak)
Answer: He can speak English.
Q6. I _____ him yesterday. (see)
Answer: I saw him yesterday.
Q7. She has _____ her food. (eat)
Answer: She has eaten her food.
Q8. We _____ cricket every Sunday. (play)
Answer: We play cricket every Sunday.
18. Objective Questions
1. Which word shows an action or state?
A. Noun
B. Verb
C. Pronoun
D. Article
2. V2 of “go” is —
A. gone
B. goes
C. went
D. going
3. V3 of “write” is —
A. wrote
B. written
C. writing
D. writes
4. Which is a Helping Verb?
A. Book
B. Quickly
C. Is
D. Beautiful
5. “She reads a book.” The verb is —
A. She
B. Reads
C. Book
D. A
6. Modal verb is followed by —
A. V1
B. V2
C. V3
D. V4
7. “Go – went – _____”
A. going
B. gone
C. goes
D. go
8. Did he _____ there?
A. went
B. gone
C. go
D. goes
9. “Swimming is good exercise.” Swimming is a —
A. Gerund
B. Noun only
C. Modal
D. Article
10. A verb requiring an object is called —
A. Intransitive
B. Transitive
C. Linking
D. Modal
11. A verb not requiring an object is called —
A. Transitive
B. Auxiliary
C. Intransitive
D. Modal
12. “He can swim.” Can is a —
A. Main verb
B. Modal verb
C. Noun
D. Adjective
19. Quick Revision
Verb
Action / State
V1
Base Form
V2
Past Form
V3
Past Participle
V4
Ing Form
V5
s/es Form
Modal +
V1
Did +
V1
Perfect
V3
Continuous
V-ing
Exam Tip
V1–V5, Main Verb, Helping Verb, Transitive, Intransitive, Finite, Non-Finite और Modal + V1 को अच्छी तरह याद करें। खासकर V1–V2–V3 forms Tense, Voice और Narration में भी बहुत काम आएँगे।