Tense
सम्पूर्ण नोट्स
12 Tenses • Rules • Structures • Examples • Practice
1. Tense क्या है?
Tense verb का वह form है जिससे किसी action या event के समय का पता चलता है।
Example:
मैं क्रिकेट खेलता हूँ।
मैंने क्रिकेट खेला।
मैं क्रिकेट खेलूँगा।
इन तीनों sentences में action play है, लेकिन action का time अलग-अलग है।
2. Types of Tense
Tense के मुख्य रूप से 3 प्रकार होते हैं:
Present Tense
वर्तमान समय में होने वाला कार्य।
Past Tense
बीते समय में हुआ कार्य।
Future Tense
आने वाले समय में होने वाला कार्य।
3. All 12 Tenses at a Glance
4. Simple Present Tense
इसका प्रयोग habitual actions, daily routine, universal truth और regular actions के लिए होता है।
Affirmative Structure
Ram plays cricket. — राम क्रिकेट खेलता है।
I go to school. — मैं स्कूल जाता हूँ।
She reads a book. — वह किताब पढ़ती है।
The sun rises in the east. — सूर्य पूर्व में उगता है।
Negative Structure
I do not play cricket.
He does not play cricket.
Interrogative Structure
Do you play cricket?
Does he go to school?
5. Present Continuous Tense
इसका प्रयोग उस action के लिए होता है जो इस समय जारी है।
Affirmative
I am reading a book.
She is singing a song.
They are playing football.
Negative
He is not sleeping.
They are not playing.
Interrogative
Are you reading?
Is she cooking food?
6. Present Perfect Tense
इसका प्रयोग उस action के लिए होता है जो अभी-अभी पूरा हुआ हो या जिसका प्रभाव present में हो।
Structure
I / We / You / They / Plural → have
I have finished my work.
She has written a letter.
They have gone home.
Negative
Interrogative
7. Present Perfect Continuous Tense
Action past में शुरू हुआ और अभी तक लगातार जारी है।
I have been studying for two hours.
He has been living here since 2020.
They have been playing since morning.
Since Monday, Since 2020, Since morning
For → Period of time
For two hours, For five days, For three years
8. Simple Past Tense
Past में पूरा हो चुका action बताने के लिए इसका प्रयोग होता है।
Affirmative
I played cricket.
She wrote a letter.
Ram went to school.
Negative
I did not play cricket.
Interrogative
Did you play cricket?
9. Past Continuous Tense
Past के किसी समय action जारी था।
We / You / They → were
I was reading a book.
They were playing cricket.
She was cooking food.
10. Past Perfect Tense
Past में दो actions होने पर जो action पहले पूरा हुआ हो, उसके लिए Past Perfect का प्रयोग किया जाता है।
The train had left before I reached the station.
She had finished her work before I came.
बाद में हुआ action → Simple Past
11. Past Perfect Continuous Tense
Past में कोई action किसी निश्चित समय से लगातार जारी था।
He had been studying for two hours.
They had been living there for five years.
12. Simple Future Tense
Future में होने वाले action को बताता है।
I will go to school.
She will help me.
They will play cricket.
Negative
Interrogative
13. Future Continuous Tense
Future के किसी समय action जारी रहेगा।
I will be studying.
They will be playing cricket.
She will be cooking food.
14. Future Perfect Tense
Future के किसी निश्चित समय तक action पूरा हो चुका होगा।
I will have finished my work by evening.
She will have reached home by 6 p.m.
15. Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Future में किसी निश्चित समय तक action एक निश्चित अवधि से लगातार जारी होगा।
He will have been studying for three hours.
They will have been living here for ten years.
16. सबसे आसान Tense Formula Chart
17. Important Verb Forms
18. Common Mistakes
❌ He go to school.
✅ He goes to school.
❌ He does not goes to school.
✅ He does not go to school.
❌ Did you went there?
✅ Did you go there?
❌ She has wrote a letter.
✅ She has written a letter.
❌ I am knowing him.
✅ I know him.
19. Practice Questions
Q1. He _____ to school every day. (go)
Answer: He goes to school every day.
Q2. She _____ a book now. (read)
Answer: She is reading a book now.
Q3. I _____ my work. (finish)
Answer: I have finished my work.
Q4. They _____ cricket yesterday. (play)
Answer: They played cricket yesterday.
Q5. He _____ when I called him. (sleep)
Answer: He was sleeping when I called him.
Q6. The train _____ before we reached the station. (leave)
Answer: The train had left before we reached the station.
Q7. I _____ you tomorrow. (help)
Answer: I will help you tomorrow.
Q8. She _____ here for two hours. (study)
Answer: She has been studying here for two hours.
20. Objective Questions
1. He _____ cricket every day.
A. play
B. plays
C. played
D. playing
2. I _____ a book now.
A. read
B. reads
C. am reading
D. have read
3. She _____ her work.
A. has finished
B. have finished
C. finish
D. finishing
4. Ram _____ yesterday.
A. comes
B. come
C. came
D. coming
5. Did he _____ there?
A. went
B. gone
C. go
D. goes
6. They _____ playing cricket.
A. was
B. were
C. is
D. am
7. She has _____ a letter.
A. write
B. wrote
C. written
D. writing
8. I _____ help you tomorrow.
A. will
B. did
C. am
D. has
9. Since is generally used for —
A. Period of time
B. Point of time
C. Future only
D. None
10. For is generally used for —
A. Period of time
B. Point of time
C. Present only
D. None
21. Quick Revision
Main Tenses
3
Total Forms
12
Present Simple
V1 / V1+s/es
Past Simple
V2
Future Simple
will + V1
Perfect
V3
Continuous
V-ing
Since
Point of Time
For
Period of Time
Did +
V1
Exam Tip
12 Tense formulas, V1-V2-V3, has/have, was/were, since/for, did + V1 और s/es rule जरूर याद करें। Tense के questions solve करते समय सबसे पहले sentence में time word और helping verb पहचानें।