Subject-Verb Agreement
सम्पूर्ण नोट्स
Rules • Concepts • Examples • Practice • MCQ
1. Subject-Verb Agreement क्या है?
जब sentence का Verb, Subject के Number और Person के अनुसार सही रूप में प्रयोग किया जाता है, तो इसे Subject-Verb Agreement या Concord कहते हैं।
Plural Subject → Plural Verb
He plays cricket.
They play cricket.
The boy is intelligent.
The boys are intelligent.
2. Singular और Plural Verb को समझें
Simple Present Tense में third-person singular subject के साथ सामान्यतः verb में s/es लगता है।
Singular Subject
He plays.
She writes.
Ram goes.
Plural Subject
They play.
They write.
Ram and Shyam go.
3. Rule – Singular Subject
Singular subject के साथ singular verb का प्रयोग होता है।
Ram goes to school.
She likes tea.
The boy plays cricket.
My brother lives in Patna.
4. Rule – Plural Subject
Plural subject के साथ plural verb का प्रयोग होता है।
The boys play cricket.
They go to school.
My friends live here.
5. Two Subjects Joined by AND
दो singular subjects को and से जोड़ा जाए तो सामान्यतः subject plural माना जाता है।
Ram and Shyam are friends.
Ravi and Mohan play cricket.
Tea and coffee are available.
6. AND लेकिन एक ही Idea
यदि दो nouns and से जुड़े हों लेकिन वे मिलकर एक ही idea, dish या unit को दर्शाएँ, तो singular verb आ सकता है।
Bread and butter is my usual breakfast.
Slow and steady wins the race.
7. Each / Every के साथ Verb
Each और Every के बाद singular noun तथा singular verb का प्रयोग सामान्यतः होता है।
Each boy is ready.
Every student has a book.
Every child likes toys.
8. Each of / Either of / Neither of
Traditional school grammar में each of, either of, neither of के बाद plural noun/pronoun आ सकता है, लेकिन verb सामान्यतः singular होता है।
Each of the boys is present.
Either of the answers is correct.
Neither of the students is absent.
9. Either…Or / Neither…Nor
Either…or और Neither…nor में subjects अलग-अलग number के हों तो verb सामान्यतः उसके निकट वाले subject से agree करता है।
Either Ram or his friends are coming.
Either his friends or Ram is coming.
Neither the teacher nor the students are ready.
Neither the students nor the teacher is ready.
10. Not Only…But Also
Not only…but also में भी mixed subjects होने पर verb को nearer subject के अनुसार रखना school grammar में सामान्य rule है।
Not only Ram but also his friends are coming.
Not only the students but also the teacher is ready.
11. As Well As / Along With / Together With
जब मुख्य subject के बाद as well as, along with, together with, with आदि आएँ, तो verb मुख्य subject के अनुसार होता है।
Ram, along with his friends, is coming.
The teacher, as well as the students, is present.
The students, along with their teacher, are ready.
12. With / Accompanied By
The captain with his players is ready.
The teacher accompanied by the students is going.
Verb पहले/main subject से agree करता है।
13. One of + Plural Noun
One of the boys is absent.
One of my friends lives in Delhi.
One of these books belongs to me.
14. A Number of
A number of + plural noun के साथ plural verb आता है।
A number of students are absent.
A number of books have been lost.
15. The Number of
The number of + plural noun के साथ singular verb आता है।
The number of students is increasing.
The number of applicants has increased.
The number of → Singular Verb
16. Many A + Singular Noun
Many a के बाद singular noun और singular verb आता है।
Many a student has made this mistake.
Many a man has tried.
17. More Than One
More than one + singular noun के साथ standard school grammar में singular verb आता है।
More than one student has answered correctly.
More than one person was injured.
18. Everyone, Everybody, Someone, Nobody
इन indefinite pronouns को सामान्यतः singular माना जाता है।
Everyone is ready.
Everybody likes flowers.
Someone is waiting outside.
Nobody knows the answer.
No one was absent.
19. Both, Many, Few, Several
Both, many, few, several plural meaning रखते हैं और सामान्यतः plural verb लेते हैं।
Both are correct.
Many were absent.
Few have understood the question.
Several are waiting.
20. Some, All, Most, None
Some, all, most, none आदि के साथ verb उस noun के meaning/number पर निर्भर कर सकता है जिससे वे जुड़े हैं।
Some of the milk is wasted.
Some of the students are absent.
All the water is dirty.
All the books are useful.
21. Uncountable Nouns
Uncountable nouns सामान्यतः singular verb लेते हैं।
The information is useful.
The furniture is expensive.
The advice is good.
The news is surprising.
22. Subjects Ending in -s but Singular
कुछ subjects “s” पर समाप्त होते हैं लेकिन उनका अर्थ singular होता है।
Mathematics is my favourite subject.
Physics is interesting.
Economics is an important subject.
23. Nouns Plural in Form
कुछ nouns सामान्यतः plural form में प्रयुक्त होते हैं और plural verb लेते हैं।
My trousers are new.
These scissors are sharp.
His spectacles are on the table.
24. Collective Nouns
Team, committee, family, jury जैसे collective nouns का verb meaning और English variety पर निर्भर कर सकता है। School-level exercises में group को एक unit माना जाए तो singular verb सामान्य है।
The team is ready.
The committee has made its decision.
25. Time, Money, Distance as One Unit
समय, धन या दूरी को एक total unit माना जाए तो singular verb आता है।
Ten kilometres is a long distance.
Five years is a long time.
Five hundred rupees is enough.
26. Book / Film / Work Titles
किसी book, film या work का title plural जैसा दिखे, फिर भी एक title होने के कारण singular verb ले सकता है।
“Gulliver’s Travels” is a famous work.
27. There Is / There Are
There से शुरू होने वाले sentences में verb बाद में आने वाले actual subject से agree करता है।
There is a book on the table.
There are five books on the table.
There is some water in the bottle.
28. This / That / These / Those
Singular
This is my book.
That was my school.
Plural
These are my books.
Those were my friends.
29. Relative Pronouns – Who / Which / That
Relative clause में verb का agreement उस antecedent से संबंधित होता है जिसकी ओर relative pronoun संकेत करता है।
He is one of the boys who work hard.
She is the girl who works hard.
30. One of Those Who…
इस structure में who सामान्यतः plural noun की ओर संकेत करता है।
He is one of the students who work hard.
She is one of the players who have performed well.
31. Important Rules – Quick Chart
32. Common Errors
❌ He play cricket.
✅ He plays cricket.
❌ They plays cricket.
✅ They play cricket.
❌ Each boy are ready.
✅ Each boy is ready.
❌ One of the boys are absent.
✅ One of the boys is absent.
❌ A number of students is absent.
✅ A number of students are absent.
❌ The number of students are increasing.
✅ The number of students is increasing.
❌ The news are good.
✅ The news is good.
33. Practice Questions
Q1. Ram _____ to school every day. (go/goes)
Answer: goes
Q2. The boys _____ cricket. (play/plays)
Answer: play
Q3. Each student _____ a book. (has/have)
Answer: has
Q4. One of the boys _____ absent. (is/are)
Answer: is
Q5. A number of students _____ present. (is/are)
Answer: are
Q6. The number of students _____ increasing. (is/are)
Answer: is
Q7. Neither Ram nor his friends _____ ready. (is/are)
Answer: are
Q8. Neither the boys nor Ram _____ ready. (is/are)
Answer: is
Q9. Mathematics _____ an interesting subject. (is/are)
Answer: is
Q10. My scissors _____ sharp. (is/are)
Answer: are
Q11. Everyone _____ the answer. (know/knows)
Answer: knows
Q12. There _____ five students in the room. (is/are)
Answer: are
34. Objective Questions
1. He _____ cricket every day.
A. play
B. plays
C. playing
D. played
2. They _____ to school daily.
A. goes
B. go
C. going
D. has gone
3. Each student _____ a pen.
A. have
B. are having
C. has
D. were
4. One of the boys _____ absent.
A. are
B. were
C. is
D. have
5. A number of students _____ absent.
A. is
B. are
C. has
D. was
6. The number of students _____ increasing.
A. are
B. have
C. is
D. were
7. Everyone _____ happy.
A. are
B. is
C. have
D. were
8. The news _____ true.
A. are
B. were
C. is
D. have
9. Mathematics _____ my favourite subject.
A. are
B. is
C. have
D. were
10. These scissors _____ sharp.
A. is
B. has
C. are
D. was
11. Either Ram or his friends _____ coming.
A. is
B. are
C. has
D. was
12. Either the boys or Ram _____ coming.
A. are
B. have
C. is
D. were
13. Ram, along with his friends, _____ coming.
A. are
B. is
C. have
D. were
14. Both the boys _____ intelligent.
A. is
B. has
C. are
D. was
15. Five kilometres _____ a long distance to walk.
A. are
B. is
C. have
D. were
16. There _____ a book on the table.
A. are
B. have
C. is
D. were
35. Quick Revision
Singular Subject
Singular Verb
Plural Subject
Plural Verb
Each / Every
Singular
One of
Singular
A Number of
Plural
The Number of
Singular
Everyone
Singular
Both
Plural
News
Singular
Mathematics
Singular
Scissors
Plural
Either…Or
Nearest Subject
Exam Tip
Subject-Verb Agreement में verb से ठीक पहले वाला noun देखकर answer न लगाएँ। पहले sentence का real/main subject पहचानें।
सबसे महत्वपूर्ण exam rules: Each/Every → Singular, A number of → Plural, The number of → Singular और Either…or / Neither…nor → Nearest Subject.